Protected Cultivation and Substrate Systems Extend Seasons and Lift Yields
Growers are moving from open fields to tunnels, greenhouses, and substrate systems that use raised gutters and coco or peat mixes, which extend harvest windows, raise yields, and reduce disease and weather risk. In Spain and Morocco, tunnel raspberries can yield 20 to 40 tonnes per hectare compared with 8 to 12 tonnes in open fields, according to grower and extension reports, and substrate strawberries in the Netherlands, China, and Mexico reach even higher productivity. Capital cost is high, so large growers and marketers lead adoption, and retailers reward the more stable supply with longer programs and contracts.
Market Impact: US berries rank in top 3








