Format proliferation makes changeover the binding constraint
Retail range expansion, multipacks, promotional variants and e-commerce packs mean a single line may run forty formats across a month, and roughly 23% of available production time is consumed switching between them. Rated machine speed becomes largely irrelevant against that. Commercially this means equipment specified on nominal throughput underperforms in real plants, and manufacturers who quote overall equipment effectiveness across an actual production schedule differentiate on the measure that decides whether a project pays back at all rather than on the one purchasing departments habitually compare. Very few tender documents ask for that figure in any form.
Market Impact: Turnover reaches 68% annually








