City rules made engine-off a permit condition
Low emission zone requirements, construction machinery emission standards in several European cities and night working noise limits have together converted engine-off capability from an efficiency option into a condition of being allowed to operate at all on certain sites. That is a fundamentally different purchase, because a contractor unable to work is not comparing fuel costs against anything. European adoption consequently ran well ahead of markets with considerably more expensive diesel, which is the clearest evidence available that regulation rather than economics drove this category into existence. Regulation built this category outright.
Market Impact: Serves 1 duty almost perfectly








