Fourth-Generation Low-Temperature Networks Rewrite The Specification
Older networks ran flow temperatures well above 100 degrees Celsius. Fourth-generation design pushes them toward 60 to 70, which allows waste heat, heat pumps, and solar thermal to feed the network directly and cuts distribution losses substantially. Lower temperature means a smaller temperature differential, so pipe diameters rise for the same delivered heat and insulation thickness matters proportionally more. Twin-pipe construction becomes the sensible default rather than an option. The EU Energy Efficiency Directive's efficient district heating definition effectively requires the transition, which means the specification change is regulatory rather than merely technical.
Market Impact: Heat plans due by 2026








